In popular Christianity, Lucifer has become the name of the devil. So it’s a little surprising that the name is only mentioned in the bible once.
"How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! how art thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations! For thou hast said in thine heart, I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God: I will sit also upon the mount of the congregation, in the sides of the north: I will ascend above the heights of the clouds; I will be like the most High".
Isaiah 14:12-14:
This is the also the passage where popular Christianity gets it origin of the devil. The devil was once a high-ranking angel who was originally perfect in all his ways. At some point in the past, he was overcome with pride and instigated a large rebellion against God. The Lord reacted by kicking the devil out of Heaven.
From this text alone, I gather a meaning that is nothing like the story Christians tell the devil’s origin, or any reason to interpret Lucifer as a name for the devil.
Here is a site that covers the passage more thoroughly, and offers alternative explanations. The one I find most convincing is that Lucifer was a King of Babylon:
Remember that this is a "proverb (parable) against the king of Babylon" (v. 4). "Lucifer" means "the morning star", which is the brightest of the stars. In the parable, this star proudly decides to "ascend (higher) into heaven...exalt my throne above the (other) stars of God" (v. 13). Because of this, the star is cast down to the earth. The star represents the king of Babylon. Daniel chapter 4 explains how Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon proudly surveyed the great kingdom he had built up, thinking that he had conquered other nations in his own strength, rather than recognizing that God had given him success. "Thy greatness (pride) is grown, and reacheth unto heaven" (v. 22). Because of this "he was driven from men, and did eat grass as oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven, till his hairs were grown like eagles' feathers, and his nails like birds' claws" (v. 33) This sudden humbling of one of the world's most powerful men to a deranged lunatic was such a dramatic event as to call for the parable about the falling of the morning star from heaven to earth. Stars are symbolic of powerful people, e.g. Gen. 37:9; Is. 13:10 (concerning the leaders of Babylon); Ez. 32:7 (concerning the leader of Egypt); Dan. 8:10 cp. v 24. Ascending to heaven and falling from heaven are Biblical idioms often used for increasing in pride and being humbled respectively
Verse 3 and 4 of the chapter reads,
On the day the Lord gives you relief from your suffering and turmoil and from the harsh labor forced on you, you will take up this taunt against the king of Babylon:
And then begins the text within which Lucifer is referred.
